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Free heme, even at 50100 M concentration, is a toxic molecule due to its ability to generate ROS (Gutteridge and Smith, 1988) catalyzing the oxidation of proteins, the formation of cytotoxic lipid peroxides via lipid peroxidation and damaging DNA (reviewed in Kumar and Bandyopadhyay, 2005)
In addition, due to the inability to effectively detoxify CN, a deficiency of such amino acids has also been postulated to reduce a key antioxidant, glutathione, thereby hindering responses to the cyanide exposure-related oxidative stress, however, direct evidence of this mechanism has been scarce 12,13
The compounds don't compete for binding sites, don't share metabolic pathways during clearance, and don't modulate the same downstream signaling cascades