When taken orally, it primarily interacts with the gut lining, which may be helpful in models of: Ulcer healing ( Stark et al., 2017 ) Inflammatory bowel conditions ( Sikiric et al., 2015 ) Intestinal barrier protection ( Stark et al., 2017 ) However, oral peptides are subject to breakdown by stomach acid and digestive enzymes, which can limit their absorption into the bloodstream ( Sikiric et al., 2015 )
Pills, gummies, and liquids promise to support your energy, but theres a catch: absorption
If the result is borderline or your symptoms are suggestive despite a "normal" number, MMA and homocysteine add diagnostic sensitivity
The compound's interaction with GABA receptors and nitric oxide signaling provides a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage