this mineral is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase 10.2 Manganese Antioxidant Enzyme Systems

This broader approach makes the BPC-157 and VIP combination advantageous for conditions involving systemic inflammation or neurological involvement, such as multiple sclerosis or chronic inflammatory conditions

The catch: those studies are small, mostly industry-funded, and we still don't know for sure how much actually gets through your skin when you rub it on

Cell 143 , 802812 (2010)

The endothelial solute CMT facilitates the crossing of specific solutes across the BBB via substrate-specific transporters, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being transported by major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a) and glucose by glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), ensuring targeted delivery of these vital nutrients to the brain [19, 24,25,26,27]