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We found that many of the studies were at high risk of bias this was usually because the e-cigarette users under investigation were also current or previous tobacco smokers (or studies had not checked for this), making it hard to pick out the effects of the e-cigarettes alone the findings should be considered with this in mind

Smokers often report that cigarettes help relieve feelings of stress

36 more people stopped smoking per 1000, 95% confidence interval [CI] 28 to 46 more)

Dan Romer, Associate Director of the Center, says the Annenberg research involved experiments in which smokers were shown warning labels while they were in an fMRI machine, to see how their brains reacted to the images